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Ureteral stricture in renal allografts is one of the common postoperative complications in kidney transplant recipients. Due to short ureter in renal allografts, endovascular treatment should be adopted before reconstruction surgery to avoid irreversible injury. Alleviating renal allograft injury, easing obstruction or establishing drainage channel are the key measures to treat ureteral stricture. In endovascular treatment, balloon dilatation and internal incision yield high recurrence rate, and long-term indwelling of self-expanding metallic ureteral stents may be a better option. Compared with traditional stents, metallic stents may maintain urinary tract patency for a long time and mitigate the irritation of lower urinary tract symptoms,with different indications and efficacy. Although all metallic stents may be displaced and occluded, it still plays a positive role in the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts. In this article, the application of self-expanding metallic ureteral stent in ureteral stricture of renal allografts was mainly illustrated, aiming to provide reference for optimizing the treatment of ureteral stricture in renal allografts.
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Objective:To examine whether Butorphanol administered before Sufentanil can reduce hemodynamic fluctuations during the induction period in elderly patients.Methods:Sixty elderly patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)Ⅱ-Ⅲ scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 patients in each group.Before anesthesia induction, patients in Group B were pretreated with Butorphanol(0.4 mg)and those in Group C were pretreated with the same volume of normal saline.Changes in blood pressure(MAP)and heart rate in the 15 min from the induction to the end of intubation were compared between the two groups.The incidences of adverse cardiovascular events requiring drug intervention and of cough during the induction period were recorded.The heart rate and blood pressure were standardized based on the mean value at 5 minutes after arterial puncture.Results:After pretreatment with Butorphanol, blood pressure experienced a less reduction in Group B than in Group C( P<0.05), and maintained at a higher level in the later period of induction( P<0.05); the decrease in heart rate was lower in Group B than in Group C( P<0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant in the later period of induction, while heart rate variability induced by intubation was higher in Group B than in Group C; the incidence of severe hypotension was lower in Group B than in Group C(3.3% vs.56.7%, χ2=20.23, P<0.0001); during the induction period, the incidence of cough was lower in Group B than in Group C(6.7% vs.43.4%, χ2=12.27, P=0.0005). Conclusions:Butorphanol pretreatment can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension and the incidence of cough during the induction period in elderly patients.
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Extraction and analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal characteristics of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Based on recurrence quantitative analysis (RQA)method, this study explored the differences in the nonlinear characteristics of EEG signals between ASD children and children with typical development (TD). In the experiment, RQA method was used to extract nonlinear features such as recurrence rate (RR), determinism (DET) and length of average diagonal line (LADL) of EEG signals in different brain regions of subjects, and support vector machine was combined to classify children with ASD and TD. The research results show that for the whole brain area (including parietal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe), when the three feature combinations of RR, DET and LADL are selected, the maximum classification accuracy rate is 84%, the sensitivity is 76%, the specificity is 92%, and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) value is 0.875. For parietal lobe and frontal lobe (including parietal lobe, frontal lobe), when the three features of RR, DET and LADL are combined, the maximum classification accuracy rate is 82%, the sensitivity is 72%, and the specificity is 92%, which corresponds to an AUC value of 0.781. The research in this paper shows that the nonlinear characteristics of EEG signals extracted based on RQA method can become an objective indicator to distinguish children with ASD and TD, and combined with machine learning methods, the method can provide auxiliary evaluation indicators for clinical diagnosis. At the same time, the difference in the nonlinear characteristics of EEG signals between ASD children and TD children is statistically significant in the parietal-frontal lobe. This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of children with ASD based on the functions of the brain regions, and provides help for future diagnosis and treatment.
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Child , Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder , Brain , Electroencephalography , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Chemotherapy has been a major option in clinic treatment of malignant tumors. However, single chemotherapy faces some drawbacks, such as multidrug resistance, severe side effects, which hinder its clinic application in tumor treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles loading with chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer could be a promising way to efficiently conduct tumor combination therapy. In the current study, a novel pH-sensitive and bubble-generating mesoporous silica-based drug delivery system (denoted as M(a)D@PI-PEG-RGD) was constructed. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of entecavir (ETV) antiviral therapy on the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MethodsA total of 170 HCC patients who received TACE for the first time in Liver Cancer Center of Nanfang Hospital from January 2011 to March 2018 were enrolled, among whom 114 patients were treated with ETV (ETV treatment group) and 56 patients did not receive antiviral therapy (control group). Baseline demographic data, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), platelet count (PLT), Child-Pugh class, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, alpha-fetoprotein, and BCLC stage were recorded before treatment, and the changes in HBV DNA level, ALT, AST, TBil, Alb, and Child-Pugh class were observed at weeks 4-8 after treatment; long-term survival was also observed after treatment. Short- and long-term clinical benefits (overall survival) were observed for all patients. The t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for related clinical indices before treatment to identify the risk factors for HBV reactivation. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival curves of overall survival, and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival curves. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the incidence rate of HBV reactivation between the ETV treatment group and the control group (15.79% vs 16.07%, χ2=0.002，P=0.962). The univariate analysis showed that PLT was a risk factor for HBV reactivation (Z=-2.183,P=0.029), and the multivariate analysis showed that HBV DNA level was an independent risk factor for HBV reactivation (hazard ratio =1.000, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.000, P=0.015). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 56.20%, 30.30%, and 13.20%, respectively, in the ETV treatment group and 60.60%, 27.20%, and 16.30%, respectively, in the control group. There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups (χ2=0.049,P=0.755). ConclusionAntiviral therapy can reduce the incidence rate of HBV reactivation after TACE in patients with HBV-related HCC.
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Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ male patients aged 45-65 yrs undergoing general anesthesia in Chenzhou First People′s Hospital from May to September 2019 were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases in each. Before the recover from anesthesia, patients in group L were irrigated with 100 mg lidocaine and 20 ml normal saline through the urinary catheter, while those in group C were irrigated with 20 ml normal saline in the same way. After irrigation, the catheter was clamped for 5 min and then released. The of urination intention when patient is conscious was observed and urethral irritation score was assessed. The cases of unconscious catheter grasping behavior, catheter-related restlessness and the need for rescued medication were compared between two groups. Compared to group C, group L had lower urinary intention rate (3.3%), lower urethral irritation score (1.94±0.15), lower rate of unconscious catheter grasping (6%), lower incidence of catheter agitation (0) and remedial medication (0). It is suggested that bladder irrigation with lidocaine before anesthesia recovery can reduce the symptoms of catheter-related irritation.
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Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase involved in many signaling pathways associated with cell growth and proliferation, and it also regulates many cellular processes. With an in-depth exploration of PP2A in the process of cell activity, especially malignant tumors, the association between PP2A and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has attracted more and more attention in recent years; however, there is still a controversy over whether PP2A can promote or inhibit HCC. This article reviews the research advances in the mechanism of action of PP2A as a tumor factor in the regulation of HCC and target therapy.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Due to the insidious onset, poor prognosis, and lack of specificity of HCC, most patients have reached the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Conventional treatment methods, such as surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have limited therapeutic effects and fail to bring significant benefits to patients. With the improvement of science and technology and medical level in recent years, targeted therapy drugs have gradually entered people’s vision due to the breakthroughs in the treatment of HCC and thus bring new hope to patients with advanced HCC. Targeted drugs have attracted wide attention due to good molecular selectivity, targeted killing of tumor cells, and protection of normal tissue. This article reviews the research advances in targeted therapy for HCC.
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Malignant tumors are the second most important cause of death after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chemotherapeutic drugs for tumor treatment have strong toxic side effects. The common solution is to use nanoparticle as a carrier that can deliver drugs to tumor issues so as to kill the tumor cells. However, most of the current drug-carriers have a serious drug loss before reaching the tumor area, which makes the difficult control of drug release. Multi-stimulus responsive nano-carrier systems can overcome these drawbacks and make drug release controllable. pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems are currently hot research direction. In this paper, the research progress of pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems in recent years was reviewed in order to provide reference for relative researches.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROS) and analyze the risk factors for MDROS recurrent infections in orthopedic in-patients.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the clinical data of 296 in-patients with MDROS infection from June 2011 to August 2017.They were 216 males and 80 females with an average age of 49.9 years.Their average hospital stay was 37.2 days.Univariate analysis was conducted for items like age,hospital stay,bedridden time,concomitant internal disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic cardiovascular disease and diabetes),open or closed fracture,uninary catheter,use of hormone,stay in ICU,implantation material,incision grade,albumin level,hemoglobin level,reoperation,type of antibiotics and duration of antibiotics use.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 for items with significant differences.Results A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated,including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (26.7％),extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (24.4％) and multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (24.1％).The pathogens were observed mostly at surgical sites (34.1％) and open wounds (23.0％).Forty-two patients reinfected the same strain after treatment.The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following as the independent risk factors for MDROS recurrent infections in the orthopedic in-patients:hospital stay [OR =4.918,95％ CI (1.642,14.731),P =0.004],long bedridden time [OR=3.583,95％ CI (1.081,11.876),P=0.037],open injury [OR=2.375,95％CI (1.291,4.368),P=0.005],diabetes [OR=6.360,95％ CI (2.112,19.149),P=0.001],and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [OR=4.170,95％ CI (1.419,12.251),P=0.009].Conclusions To prevent recurrent MDROS infections in orthopedic patients,surgeons should shorten unnecessary hospital stay,encourage ambulation as early as possible,effectively control blood sugar and actively treat concomitant internal diseases in addition to regular use of antibiotics.
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Objective To improve the preparation method of rat model of acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MI/RI), to make a comprehensive evaluation and to lay a good model foundation for following MI/RI research. Methods Thirty-six clean grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group without intervention of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), sham operation group with only wearing thread but no ligation of the coronary artery, and ischemia reperfusion group, with ligation of the LAD for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min. Rats after anesthesia had continuous ECG recording, and tracheostomy for mechanical auxiliary ventilation. Thoracotomy and LAD intervention were carried out on the rats, and then the rat models were comprehensively evaluated by electrocardiography, detection of myocardial enzyme content, determination of the infarct size, and pathological examination of the myocardium. Results The electrocardiogram of the MI/RI group showed obvious ST-T dynamic changes. The level of CK-MB in the MI/RI group was significantly increased at 2 h after surgery. Compared with the sham group, the infarct size of the MI/RI group was significantly increased, with evident degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardium. Conclusions The improved modeling method not only reduced the difficulties of operation, but has also successfully established the rat model of MI/RI, providing a good foundation for further MI/RI research.
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Objective To compare the clinical features and surgical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) and hepatic venous tumor thrombus (HVTT) or bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT),and analyze the effects of different tumor thrombus (TT) types and different surgical methods for TT on prognosis.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 220 HCC patients with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) who were admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between January 2004 and December 2014 were collected.Of 220 patients,140 were combined with PVTT,36 with HVTT and 44 with BDTT.According to patients' conditions,they underwent tumor and TT resection,and tumor resection + TT removal or single TT removal.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of clinical features of HCC patients with PVTT or HVTT or BDTT;(2) surgical and postoperative situations;(3) follow-up and survival.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival up to December 2015.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Comparisons among 3 indicators were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA,and comparisons between 2 indicators were analyzed using the t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The survival curve and rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.Results (1) Comparisons of clinical features of HCC patients with PVTT or HVTT or BDTT:number of patients with Child-pugh A,Child-pugh B and peritoneal effusion,tumor diameter and cases with tumor capsule were respectively detected in 133,7,23,(10±4)cm,91 in HCC patients with PVTT and 35,1,4,(9±4)cm,27 in HCC patients with HVTT and 35,9,16,(6±4)cm,15 in HCC patients with BDTT,with statistically significant differences (x2 =12.693,10.408,F=11.300,x2 =17.188,P＜ 0.05).(2) Surgical and postoperative situations:of 140 HCC patients with PVTT,51 underwent tumor and PVTT resection,89 underwent tumor resection + PVTT removal through incising portal vein;68 received postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Thirty-six HCC patients with HVTT underwent tumor and HVTT resection;24 received postoperative TACE.Of 44 HCC patients with BDTT,23 underwent tumor and BDTT resection,21 underwent tumor resection + BDTT removal through incising common bile duct;29 received postoperative TACE.(3) Follow-up and survival:① 220 patients were followed up for 1-73 months,with a median time of 12 months.The median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 12 months,48.2％,25.0％,15.4％ in 140 HCC patients with PVTT and 28 months,77.1％,45.6％,24.5％ in 36 HCC patients with HVTT and 36 months,88.6％,48.3％,24.6％ in 44 HCC patients with BDTT,with a statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =13.316,P＜0.05).② Of 140 HCC patients with PVTT,49 were in type Ⅰ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 20 months,60.3％,32.6％ and 17.1％;70 were in type Ⅱ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 13 months,51.4％,26.0％ and 17.3％;21 were in type Ⅲ PVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 7 months,9.5％,4.8％ and 0,showing a statistically significant difference in survival (x2=18.102,P＜0.05).The median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 21 months,72.5％,42.5％,26.2％ in 51 patients undergoing tumor and TT resection and 9 months,40％,14.4％,0 in 89 patients undergoing tumor resection + PVTT removal through incising portal vein,showing a statistically significant difference in survival (x2=24.098,P＜0.05).③ Of 36 HCC patients with HVTT,17 were detected in right HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 14 months,64.7％,20.2％ and 0;10 were detected in left HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 53 months,80.0％,70.0％ and 38.9％;9 were detected in middle HVTT,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 40 months,88.9％,61.0％ and 30.5％;showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =5.951,P＞0.05).④ Of 44 HCC patients with BDTT,24,6 and 14 were respectively detected in type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ BDTTs,and median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 38 months,87.5％,60.4％,34.9％ in type Ⅰ BDTT patients and 26 months,83.3％,16.7％,0 in type Ⅱ BDTT patients and 35 months,78.6％,50.0％,21.4％ in type Ⅲ BDTT patients,showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =5.312,P＞0.05).Of 44 patients,median survival time,1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were respectively 38 months,91.3％,59.5％,34.3％ in 23 patients undergoing tumor and TT resection and 26 months,85.7％,35.7％,15.3％ in 21 patients undergoing tumor resection + TT removal through incising common bile duct,showing no statistically significant difference in survival (x2 =2.071,P＞0.05).Conclusions HCC patients with PVTT have larger tumor diameter and worse liver dysfunction,and are prone to peritoneal effusion.HCC patients with different LVI undergo surgery.There is better prognosis in HCC patients with BDTT,and good prognosis in patients with HVTT,while poorer prognosis in patients with PVTT.The postoperative survival of HCC patients with PVTT is associated with TT type,and patients will have better prognosis after tumor resection + TT removal if TT type is confirmed earlier.The postoperative survival of HCC patients with BDTT is not associated with TT type,tumor resection + TT removal maybe prolong postoperative survival time.
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Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffolds on SD rat femoral con-dyle bone defect reconstruction and provide a new strategy for the repair of bone defects. Methods 30 female SD rats,8W age,were randomly divided into 3 groups,10 every group.The group A was blank control group,group B was porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffold group,and group C was periph-eral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide compos-ite scaffold group. The effect of osteogenesis was observed by paraffin section,hematoxylin eosin staining,X-ray examination,and Micro-CT scanning in 3 dimensional reconstruction of femoral condyle defect. Results Imaging examination showed that the experimental group had better osteogenesis effect. Histological examination showed that a lot of new bone tissue was found in group C,while only a small amount of new bone was found in the group of A and B. Conclusions The experiment shows that peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells as the seed cells for tissue engineering,combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge-self assembling peptide has better ability to repair bone defects,and has good application prospect,which is worthy of further research.
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Objective To improve the ethics review process and ethical standards,strengthen the implantation of ethical review of research involving human subject in our hospital.Methods Evaluating the review practice of research involving human subject in our hospital practices,learn and bring in the latest international experiences.Results As China's Ethical Committee is in its initial stage,the regulatory ability is still in defective and insufficient.A healthy and operable ethic review mechanism needs to be perfected gradually along with the practice.Conclusions In the aspect of improving the ethical review work of human subject research,some new methods and ideas were discussed.In addition to strengthen the current organizational system,we should clarify the elements of the review of different types of research and carry out multi level ethical trainings.The establishment of a unified,specific evaluative system,combined with this information platform is continuously monitoring the clinical study.This will ensure the human research projects comply with ethical requirements,and further promote the sustainable development of clinical research.
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Objective To explore the dynamic changes of glutamate in the cortex of cynomolgus monkeys during cerebral ischemia.Methods Proximal M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 1 h in 3 young cynomolgus monkeys (7.3 ± 1.5 years old) to induce cerebral ischemia.Magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic deficit scoring were used to evaluate the ischemia and observe the manifestations,respectively.Fast Analytical Sensing Technology (FAST) was applied to record the content of cortex glutamate in the same site of ipsilateral primary motor cortex in the periods of pre-,during,and post-occlusion,and at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery.Results Compared with pre-occlusion,the content of glutamate was increased significantly in the process of occluding in the MCA M1 (P =0.003);No significant difference was observed in the content during occluding and post-occlusion (P--0.877).The content in the first week was decreased obviously as compared with post-occlusion (P--0.004),but it showed no statistical difference with that in the second week (P =0.085).Conclusion Cerebral ischemia may potentially accelerate the extra-cellular glutamate release in the cortex,but reperfusion may ameliorate or balance off the glutamate release.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of antiviral therapy on HBV reactivation and liver function after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:A total of 174 HBV-DNA(?) HCC patients were recruited into two groups:antiviral ther-apy group (66 cases) and control group (108 cases). In the antiviral group, patients were given entecavir dispersible tablet, whereas no antiviral therapies were given in the control group. The HBV reactivation and liver function index rates were statistically analyzed. Re-sults:Rates of HBV reactivation after hepatectomy were 3.0%and 27.8%in the antiviral therapy group and control group, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that minor hepatectomy (HR, 4.695;95%CI, 1.257-17.537, P=0.021) and no antiviral therapy (HR, 8.164;95%CI, 1.831-36.397, P=0.006) were independent risk factors for HBV reactivation. The levels of ALT, TBil, ALB, and PT within 7 days af-ter liver resection were similar between the antiviral therapy group and the control group and between the reactivation group and no-reactivation group. However, the ALT and ALB levels were significantly better in the antiviral group compared with that in the control group after 30 days. Conclusion:HBV reactivation can occur after liver resection for HBV-DNA(?) HCC patients. Preoperative antiviral therapy can reduce the risk of HBV reactivation, thus protecting liver function in patients undergoing liver resection.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of attention networks impairment in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes.Methods The attention network test was performed in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes (n =75) and normal controls (n =75) on the efficiency of three anatomically defined attention networks:alerting,orienting,and execrtive control.Results The correct rate of attention network test was significantly lower in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes (95.77％ ± 5.63％) than that in normal controls (98.55％ ± 1.80％ ; t =4.063,P ＜ 0.05).The total average response time was significantly longer in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes ((946.87 ± 199.82) ms) than that in normal controls ((729.00 ± 146.75) ms ; t =-7.611,P ＜ 0.05).The orienting network effect (29 (12,56)ms) was lower in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes than in normal controls (51 (21,78) ms; Z =-2.771,P =0.006).The executive control network effect was higher in benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes (80 (50,105) ms) than in normal controls (57 (25,88) ms; Z =-2.146,P =0.032).However,the difference in alerting network effects between the two groups was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the age on onset of the disease was an independent risk factor for the correct rate of attention network test and the total average response time (OR =1.830,95％ CI 1.193-2.807,P =0.006 ; OR =1.635,95％ CI 1.176-2.275,P =0.003).Conclusions The benign epilepsy children with centrotemporal spikes have impairment of attention networks.The age on onset of the disease has a significant impact on the attention of children with rolandic epilepsy.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of argon-helium cryoablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its influence on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, and to compare it with simple TACE treatment. Methods During the period from Aug. 2013 to Aug. 2014 a total of 50 patients with primary HCC were admitted to Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. The patients were randomly and equally divided into group A (TACE group, n=25) and group B (argon-helium cryoablation+TACE group, n=25). VEGF levels in the peripheral blood were determined before and after the treatment, and the results were statistically compared between the two groups. Results After the treatment the VEGF level in group A was significantly increased when compared with preoperative VEGF level (P<0.05). In group B, the VEGF level was decreased after the treatment, which was statistically significant lower than the preoperative VEGF level (P<0.05). The differences in VEGF level between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The statistic analysis of VEGF levels indicates that argon-helium cryoablation combined with TACE is probably superior to simple TACE in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of CXCR4 in maxillary sinus carcinoma cells IMC3 under hypoxia.@*METHOD@#IMC3 cells were cultured for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h under normoxia and hypoxia. Real-Time PCR was applied to detect the expression of mRNA of CXCR4 and immunohistochemisrty was applied to investigate its protein level.@*RESULT@#CXCR4 mRNA level was about 0.035 under normal conditions, which was obviously upregulated by hypoxia. The mRNA levels after culturing under hypoxia for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h were 0.283, 0.313, 0.426, 0.510 respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the mRNA levels of each two groups (P < 0.05, Mann-Whiney Test) with a time dependent course, except for the difference between the groups of 6 h and 12 h. Immunohistochemistry showed that there was almost negative staining for CXCR4 in the cell cultured in nomoxia, while stong positive staining of CXCR4 was observed in cells cultured in hypoxia . The positive staining was located mainly in the cell membrane and cytoplasm and little in the nucleus.@*CONCLUSION@#Hypoxia could induce expression of CXCR4 in IMC3 cells at both mRNA and ptrotein levels. The upregulation of CXCR4 by hypoxia showed an obvious time dependent course.